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1  Neuroscience / Cognitive Neuroscience / MOVED: European Conference on Visual Perception on: Today at 09:07:21 AM
This topic has been moved to Events.

http://www.neuroscience-forum.net/index.php?topic=164.0
2  Philosophy & Ethics / Philosophy of Mind / Re: Qualia on: December 12, 2008, 07:42:00 AM
Definitely. And I'm pretty sure, the mystery will stay for a couple of decades. There are so many opinions from different philosophers, that it seems impossible to find a solution which suits everyone - and which, of course, is "right" (I know I shouldn't use that word in philosophy)...
3  Neuroscience / Techniques / Re: Behavioral Neuroscience on: December 11, 2008, 08:14:33 PM
Perhaps you could google David Diamond. He's professor at the University of South Florida and I took a course by him with exactly that topic. He's doing research on rats and is testing memory under the influence of stress. Rats are stressed by exposing them to cats and before/afterwards they are put into water mazes to test for their memory.
4  Neuroscience / Weblog / Re: In Memory of H.M. on: December 05, 2008, 04:52:48 PM
It was an email coming through our students' mailinglist. It was forwarded several times and I just cut out the references. The original mail came from Suzanne Corkin at MIT and went through mailing lists in Princeton and the Bernstein Center in Berlin.
5  Neuroscience / Weblog / In Memory of H.M. on: December 05, 2008, 02:20:55 PM
Henry G. Molaison, 82, of Windsor Locks, CT died on Tuesday.  He is known in the medical and scientific literatures as "the amnesic patient, H.M."  He was born in Manchester, CT and graduated from East Hartford High School.  In 1953, he underwent an experimental brain operation at the Hartford Hospital to relieve his seizure disorder. Immediately after the operation, Mr. Molaison showed a profound amnesia, which became the topic of intense scientific study for more than five decades.  From age 27 on, he was unable to establish new memories for events in his everyday life and to acquire general information about the world in which he lived.  His memory impairment was "pure" and not accompanied by intellectual or personality disorders.  For this reason, and because the operation has not been repeated, he is the most widely studied and famous case in the neuroscience literature of the 20th and 21st centuries.  Mr. Molaison's contributions to knowledge about memory have been groundbreaking, and researchers worldwide are in his debt.
6  Neuroscience / Cognitive Neuroscience / Re: Rubbing eyes & shapes? on: November 17, 2008, 01:03:51 PM
OK, so here's a short and incomplete summary of the visual pathway:

The action potentials in the optic nerve reach the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), which is located in the thalamus. In the LGN there are two different kinds of layers. The first kind is the magnocellular one, which has not much detailed information, but is very fast. These layers reach the dorsal "where"-pathway. That is where your brain recognises motion and position of an object. This has to be fast because attention has to be directed to possible approaching enemies.
The second kind of layer is parvocellular and the one you are interested in. The ventral pathway starting here is slower but conveyes more detailed information about objects (although the LGN does not know what the objects are or what an object is). This "what"-pathway analyzes shape, color, size...
The parvocellular layers send their efferences to the V1 (primary visual cortex at the back of your skull), where there are different cells dealing with orientation of bars, their length and possible corners. It is a very complicatedly structured area and I could write a whole essay of how it works. But what is important to know is that it is the first stage where the disconnected signals from the eye are somehow interpreted and put together. The following visual areas like V2 or V4 do further analysis (e.g. organizing four bars into a rectangle and adding color information) and finally the temporal lobes are very important for object recognition (like putting together "it's red", "it's round", "about 2 inches in diameter", "has a green top" into "hey great, I recognize a tomatoe"). Of course these signals go further into your brain for more analysis (e.g. asking memory if it is eatable or throwable at a bad actor on stage) and do not stop in the temporal lobes.
So in short the areas you asked for, which put some shape information into the action potentials (although, of course, it is still nothing else than action potentials) are the visual areas V1-V4 and the (inferior) temporal lobes).
I hope this helped. Otherwise just ask Smiley
7  Neuroscience / Cognitive Neuroscience / Re: Rubbing eyes & shapes? on: November 13, 2008, 10:58:17 AM
Too bad there is no explanation how that really works...
notmaxwell hasn't to say anything at all  Grin
8  Neuroscience / Cognitive Neuroscience / Re: Rubbing eyes & shapes? on: November 11, 2008, 04:54:11 PM
That makes sense, although I thought the rubbing actually happens between the skull and the optic nerve. Is the motion of the eye fluid strong enough to cause the receptor channels to open? Hm, I should not make any suggestions when I only have dangerous half-knowledge  Grin
9  Neuroscience / Cognitive Neuroscience / Re: Rubbing eyes & shapes? on: November 09, 2008, 05:24:15 PM
It's a "mechanical" activation of your optic nerve, as far as I know. When you rub your eyes you press them to the back of the eyeholes, where the optic nerve enters the skull. You have an activation not by visual perception but through mechanic forces on the nerve. They dissipate after a short while because there are no more forces affecting the nerve.
10  Education in Neuroscience & Events / Events / Re: ESANN'2009 17th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks on: November 05, 2008, 05:54:46 PM
I don't think that will happen. The former ESANN conferences have only supplied the programm, a list of the committee members and written proceedings, which you can buy for 25-50€ (plus shipping).
I don't believe they're going to change that...
11  Feedback, Announcements & FAQ / Announcements / Happy Halloween on: October 31, 2008, 05:35:59 PM
Dear readers who happened to click here on time,

today is Halloween. I wanted to wish you a happy one, and to all those of you who are staying at home instead of going trick-or-treating or more grown-up celebrating: Please don't work too much. An unproductive break is worth a lot.

Best,
Steffen
12  Neuroscience / Computational Neuroscience, Bioinformatics, theoretical Neuroscience / Re: Preparing for a simulated future, brain mapping/scanning on: October 31, 2008, 05:29:13 PM
I'm sorry I can't tell you more.
To point out flaws in your arguments you should make some arguments in the first place Wink In this post you only point out some philosophical und ethical questions, but what is your opinion?  I normally don't like this philosophical stuff and therefore do not answer posts like that (sorry), but if you get a little more precise especially in this thread, you might get some answers. And of course patience is always a good thing Smiley
13  Philosophy & Ethics / Neuroethics / Re: How real is a simulated brain of a real person? on: October 29, 2008, 01:48:51 PM
Quote
Not to mention the question how to define 'me' when two information systems (brains) both claim to be thesame 'me'. The continuation of ones awareness is the question here.

I just want to say something to this question. I pass on the rest Wink

Imho, two distinct information systems, in this case brains, cannot claim to be the same 'me'. They are distinct systems and therefore are distinct 'me's'. What they CAN claim is the discriptions to be the same. Two brains can both call themselves Barney, be 28y 185d 5h 34m 6sec old, have a wife and two children, work as professional nonworker and so on. But they'll never be the same 'me'.
So if you "copy" ones 'me' (assuming this could be possible) would create an new 'me' and keep the old. In the very moment you pack the information of one system (the one whose awareness continues, as you claimed) into a second system, you created a second 'me' with distinct perceptions, after years perhaps with distinct believes and desires.
Have you seen the movie,where Arnold Schwarzenegger was cloned and wanted his life back, which was taken by the clone (or the other way round Wink)? This gives you an idea of what I mean.
14  Neuroscience / Computational Neuroscience, Bioinformatics, theoretical Neuroscience / Re: Preparing for a simulated future, brain mapping/scanning on: October 29, 2008, 01:31:11 PM
Well, if this could be answered so easily, I'm sure someone had already tried all that...
You do not only want to read out the biological arrangements with every single synaptic spine, which could at least theoretically be possible, although you would have a really huge amount of information to store on your harddrive. Of course scanning all that would take a while and you would have to do very high resolution scanning. I can't tell you if this is possible in the living brain. Perhaps someone else knows. (Perhaps we need intracellular structures as well?)
Furthermore, you want the stored information to be read out. If you're lucky, the stored information are already given in your reconstruction (simulation) of the biological matter. What I mean is the arrangement of every single neurite and it's components. If you're not lucky, I could not tell you where to get the information from.
And this was only the easy part. Now think about yourself or what is commonly called "the soul". Nobody knows how that is represented in the brain. So if you would like to restore "yourself" in the future, the biological arrangements and the stored information are not sufficient. You first have to find out what "you" actually are. Some say it's quantum physics, some say something else. I don't know.
15  Education in Neuroscience & Events / Events / ESANN'2009 17th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks on: October 16, 2008, 10:17:40 AM
ESANN'2009

17th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks
Advances in Computational Intelligence and Learning

Bruges (Belgium) - April 22-23-24, 2009

Special sessions

=============================================


The following message contains a summary of all special sessions that will
be organized during the ESANN'2009 conference.  Authors are invited to
submit their contributions to one of these sessions or to a regular session,
according to the guidelines found on the web pages of the conference
http://www.dice.ucl.ac.be/esann/.  Deadline for submissions: November 21,
2008.

Special sessions that will be organized during the ESANN'2009 conference
=========================================================

1.  Semi-supervised learning
     Antônio de Pádua Braga (Federal Univ. Minas Gerais, Brazil)

2.  Learning (with) Preferences
     Fabio Aiolli, Alessandro Sperduti (Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Italy)

3.  Brain Computer Interfaces: from theory to practice
     Luc Boullart (Ghent University), Patrick Santens (Ghent University Hospital),
     George Otte (Dr. Guislain Institute), Bart Wyns (Ghent University, Belgium)

4.  Efficient learning in recurrent networks
     Benjamin Schrauwen (Ghent University, Belgium), Jochen J. Steil (Bielefeld
     University, Germany), Barbara Hammer (Clausthal University of Technology,
     Germany)

5.  Weightless Neural Systems
     Massimo De Gregorio (Istituto di Cibernetica-CNR, Italy), Priscila M. V. Lima,
     Felipe M. G. França (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

6.  Neural Maps and Learning Vector Quantization - Theory and Applications
     Thomas Villmann, Frank-Michael Schleif (Univ. Leipzig, Germany)


Short descriptions
==================

1.  Semi-supervised learning
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Organized by:
Antônio de Pádua Braga (Federal Univ. Minas Gerais, Brazil)

Semi-Supervised learning falls in-between the Supervised and Unsupervised
Learning paradigms, by considering both labeled and unlabeled data for
training. From the Supervised Learning perspective, structural information,
particularly related to the separation margin, is usually added to the
Optimization problem resulted from the labeled data. From the Unsupervised
Learning perspective, Semi-Supervised Clustering is accomplished by
considering the labeled data as constraints to the clustering task. Despite
of having different goals, the basic elements of training in both
perspectives are the labels plus structural information obtained from the
unlabeled data set. In this special session, we seek for contributions from
both perspectives above, not limited to Artificial Neural Networks design.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):
- Semi-supervised learning
- Semi-supervised clustering
- Transductive learning
- Co-training
- Partial supervision


2. Learning (with) Preferences
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Organized by:
Fabio Aiolli, Alessandro Sperduti (Univ. degli Studi di Padova, Italy)

Preferences give a declarative way for specifying desires and are very
important in many applications which include reccomender systems for
e-commerce and social networks, ranking systems for information retrieval,
and player modelling for games. In all these contexts, people find easier to
indicate which objects they prefer to which other with respect to make
absolute judgments about the relevance they give to each of them.

Recently, preference learning models and preference based predictions have
gained popularity in the machine learning and knowledge discovery
communities. Many supervised learning tasks can in fact be modeled as sets
of preferences over a parameterized relevance function. This kind of
preferences are given in the form of partial or full orders over the
relevance function. Preferences can be given between objects (instance
rankings) and/or between classes (label rankings).

Other interesting topics concern how to mine or elicitate preferences from
user behaviours and how to aggregate preferences obtained from multiple
sources.

We invite papers on learning preferences and/or learning with preferences.
In particular topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
- theory about any aspect of preference learning
- preference based models to cope with structured (complex) predictions
- preference mining and preference elicitation
- preference/ranking aggregation
- semi-supervised preference learning
- scalability and efficiency of preference based learning algorithms
- evaluation measures for preference learning
- applications of preference learning: information retrieval, e-commerce, games, ecc.

Submitted papers will be reviewed according to the ESANN reviewing process
and will be evaluated on their scientific significance, originality,
correctness, and writing style.


3. Brain Computer Interfaces: from theory to practice
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Organized by:
Luc Boullart (Ghent University), Patrick Santens (Ghent University
Hospital), George Otte (Dr. Guislain Institute), Bart Wyns (Ghent
University, Belgium)

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are a new kind of human-machine interfaces
and represents a burgeoning field of research. Brain signals are measured
using EEG and translated directly into control commands. A typical
application of BCI is found in people with severe motor disabilities
allowing them to manipulate their environment in an alternative way. However
there?s still a lot of work to be done to make it usable in daily life.

This special session aims at presenting novel ideas of brain signal
analysis, artefact removal algorithms (for example blind source separation),
feature selection strategies and BCI classification algorithms or
interesting applications of BCI for robot control.

Keywords: (brain) signal processing and modelling, brain-computer
interfaces, intelligent ?brain? controlled computers, EEG signal analysis


4. Efficient learning in recurrent networks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Organized by:
Benjamin Schrauwen (Ghent University, Belgium), Jochen J. Steil (Bielefeld
University, Germany), Barbara Hammer (Clausthal University of Technology,
Germany)

Recurrent neural networks carry the promise of efficient biologically
plausible signal processing models optimally suited for a wide area of
applications, especially when dealing with spatio-temporal data or
causalities. On the other hand, they can form the basis for an explanation
for neurophysiological processes and cognitive phenomena of the human brain.
Recently, a number of fundamental paradigms connected to RNNs have been
developed which allow new insights into potential supervised and
unsupervised information processing with RNNs and open the way to new
efficient training algorithms which overcome the well-known problems of
long-term dependencies. The aim of the session is to further the
understanding and development of efficient, biologically plausible recurrent
information processing, both in theory and in applications.

Submissions are encouraged within the following non-exhaustive list of
keywords:
- reservoir computing: echo state machine, liquid state machine
- recurrent SOM
- LSTM
- unsupervised and semi-supervised adaptation of RNNs
- evolutionary models for RNNs
- connection of RNNs and brain phenomena
- connection of RNNs and symbolic reasoning
- theory of RNN dynamics, learning, and generalization
- applications


5. Weightless Neural Systems
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Organized by:
Massimo De Gregorio (Istituto di Cibernetica-CNR, Italy), Priscila M. V.
Lima, Felipe M. G. França (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Mimicking biological neurons by focusing on the decoding performed by the
dendritic trees is a different and attractive alternative to the
integrate-and-fire McCullogh-Pitts neuron stylisation. RAM-based or Boolean
neurons and systems have been studied and applied in a wide spectrum of
situations.

This session invites original contributions on theoretical and practical
aspects of weightless neural systems, at all levels of abstraction (pattern
recognition, consciousness, artificial emotions, reasoning etc).


6. Neural Maps and Learning Vector Quantization - Theory and Applications
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Organized by:
Thomas Villmann, Frank-Michael Schleif (Univ. Leipzig, Germany)

Neural maps and learning vector quantization constitute important neural
paradigms in unsupervised and supervised vector quantization. Prominent
methods are the self-organizing map (SOM), neural gas (NG) and the family of
LVQ-algorithms or generalizations thereof. Although most of the approaches
are well-known, there are still open theroretical questions like
magnification for Heskes-SOM or non-euclidean NG, the dynamics of LVQ, to
name just a few. Recent investigations and extensions are in the field of
non-standard metrics, structured data processing, time series, batch and
patch-variants etc. All these interesting new developments lead to a broader
range of applications of the algorithms compared to their standard variants.


The proposed session invite researchers to submit contribution about new
approaches, extensions and modifications as well as ideas in this outlined
direction. Thereby, new theoretical investigations as well as outstanding
applications demonstrating the abilities of new extensions/modifications of
the standard algorithm are in the focus. For the latter aspect a strong
connection between the specific aspects of SOM/NG/LVQ to the application
should be explicitely given and highlighted.

Submissions are encouraged within the following non-exhaustive list of
topics:
- theory of SOM/NG/LVQ and variants thereof
- magnification and magnification control
- non-standard metrics
- new extensions of existing approaches
- semi-supervised learning
- fuzzy methods for neural maps
- statistical interpretations
- learning theory
- outstanding applications



========================================================
ESANN - European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks -
Advances in Computational Intelligence and Learning
http://www.dice.ucl.ac.be/esann

* For submissions of papers, reviews, registrations:
Michel Verleysen
Univ. Cath. de Louvain - Machine Learning Group
3, pl. du Levant - B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve - Belgium
tel: +32 10 47 25 51 - fax: + 32 10 47 25 98
mailto:esann@uclouvain.be

* Conference secretariat
d-side conference services
24 av. L. Mommaerts - B-1140 Evere - Belgium
tel: + 32 2 730 06 11 - fax: + 32 2 730 06 00
mailto:esann@uclouvain.be
========================================================
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